Glossary

Labeling refers to the process of applying labels to goods, packages, pallets, or load carriers for unique identification and further processing. It ensures that all relevant information is reliably available throughout the entire logistics chain.

Labeling involves applying items such as barcodes, QR codes, RFID tags, SSCC labels, shipping labels, or hazardous materials labels. Modern labeling systems operate automatically and are integrated into DWS, ERP, WMS, and transportation management systems. As a result, labels are generated based on current process data, applied error-free, and immediately used for downstream processes such as identification, sorting, or shipping.

Practical example:

After automatic measurement and weight recording, a labeling system independently applies the appropriate shipping label to a carton and transfers the shipment to the conveyor system.

See also: barcode scanner, data capture, document handling, GS1, redtagger, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), scanner, shipping label

Laser measurement heads are optical sensor components used for the noncontact measurement of distances, contours, and dimensions. They emit laser beams and detect their reflections to provide precise measurement data for industrial and logistics applications.

Laser measurement heads are used in dimensioning systems, DWS systems, and automated conveyor processes. By combining multiple measurement heads, even complex object geometries can be reliably captured and three-dimensional measurement data generated. Thanks to their high measurement speed and accuracy, they are suitable for both stationary and dynamic measurement methods and form an essential foundation of modern automated measurement systems.

Practical example:

On a conveyor system, multiple laser measurement heads simultaneously capture the contours of a package to precisely determine its dimensions while it is in motion.

See also: 3D sensors, dimensioning systems, dimensional measurement, DWS, dynamic measurement, laser scanners, sensor technology, static measurement

A laser scanner is an optical measurement system used for the noncontact measurement of distances, contours, and surfaces. Using laser beams, it generates precise measurement data and enables the automatic measurement of objects in industrial and logistics applications.

In logistics, laser scanners are used for applications such as dimensional measurement, contour inspection, and DWS systems, among others. They capture the geometry of packages, pallets, or other loading units with high speed and accuracy. Depending on the technology, they use time-of-flight measurement, laser triangulation, or other optical methods. The data obtained supports automated processes, improves data quality, and enables reliable control of material flows.

Practical example:

In a shipping center, a laser scanner captures the contour and dimensions of a package as it moves so that the DWS system can use the data for shipping and freight billing.

See also: 3D sensors, dimensional measurement, DWS, laser triangulation, LiDAR, sensor technology, volume measurement, volume detection

Laser triangulation is an optical measurement method for the noncontact determination of distances, contours, and three-dimensional surfaces. It uses the geometric analysis of a laser beam and its reflection to determine measurement values with high precision.

In laser triangulation, a laser projects a line or point of light onto the object being measured, while a camera captures the position of the reflection from a defined angle. Distances and contours are calculated from this geometric arrangement. The method is used in dimensioning systems, DWS systems, and industrial measurement systems because it enables fast and precise data acquisition even at high conveyor speeds.

Practical example:

As packages are transported along a conveyor system, laser measurement heads use laser triangulation to capture their contours and automatically calculate the exact dimensions.

See also: 3D sensors, dimensioning systems, dimensional measurement, DWS, dynamic measurement, laser measurement heads, laser scanners, sensor technology

Last-mile delivery refers to the final stage of a transportation process, during which a shipment is delivered from the distribution center or local depot to the final recipient. It is often the most complex and cost-intensive part of the entire supply chain.

Last-mile delivery places high demands on route planning, vehicle utilization, and shipment tracking. Rising customer expectations, tight time windows, and inner-city traffic conditions make this process particularly challenging. Digital technologies, automated data collection, and intelligent route planning help make deliveries more efficient, shorten delivery times, and use resources more sustainably.

Practical example:

A package delivery service plans the delivery of all shipments on a route using intelligent route optimization to ensure that recipients are served as quickly as possible with minimal driving distance.

See also: CEP companies, logistics, omnichannel logistics, shipment tracking, supply chain management, transport management system (TMS), transport optimization, flow of goods

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an optical measurement method for contactless detection of distances, contours, and three-dimensional environmental data using laser beams. It generates highly precise 3D point clouds that are used for surveying and analyzing objects and spaces.

LiDAR measures the time it takes for laser pulses to travel between the sensor and the object and uses this to calculate exact distances. In logistics, the technology is used for applications such as cargo measurement, contour verification, pallet inspection, and the navigation of autonomous vehicles. Thanks to its high measurement speed and accuracy, it enables reliable data collection even in dynamic processes and demanding industrial environments.

Practical example:

In an automated pallet inspection system, a LiDAR sensor captures the complete 3D contour of a loaded pallet to automatically detect protrusions and dimensional deviations before storage.

See also: 3D data, 3D point cloud, 3D sensors, dimensional measurement, DWS, contour inspection, laser triangulation, sensor technology

A load calculator is a software program or calculation system used to determine the optimal loading of loading units, vehicles, or containers. It calculates the best possible arrangement of packages to use available cargo space efficiently and safely.

Load calculators take into account dimensions, weight, stackability, load capacities, and other transport-specific requirements. They help companies make optimal use of cargo space, reduce transportation costs, and improve load security. When combined with automated dimensioning and weight-measuring systems, they can generate loading recommendations in real time and integrate them directly into warehouse or transportation management systems.

Practical example:

Before loading a truck, a load calculator uses the captured freight data to calculate the optimal position of each package in order to make the best possible use of the available cargo space.

See also: Dimension capture, freight data, freight measurement, weight capture, cubic factor, load securing, transport management system (TMS), volume optimization

The load carrier refers to standardized equipment used to hold, bundle, and transport goods within logistics processes. They enable the safe handling, storage, and movement of goods throughout the entire supply chain.

Load carriers include, for example, pallets, containers, swap bodies, mesh boxes, and other reusable transport units. They facilitate the use of conveyor systems, industrial trucks, and automated logistics systems. Through the unique identification and recording of characteristics such as dimensions, weight, and condition, load carriers can be efficiently managed and integrated into digital processes.

Practical example:

A pallet, as a load carrier, is automatically identified, measured, and weighed in the receiving area before it is transferred to the warehouse management system.

See also: Container, EPAL, Material Flow, Pallet Management, Pallet, RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification), Supply Chain Management (SCM), Freight

Load optimization refers to the systematic planning and arrangement of goods or loading units to make the most efficient use of available cargo space. It takes into account factors such as dimensions, weight, stability, and the order of loading and unloading.

Modern systems use precise master data and intelligent algorithms to calculate the optimal loading of vehicles, containers, or pallets. This reduces empty space, makes better use of transport capacity, and improves load security. At the same time, it helps lower transportation costs and streamline logistics processes.

Practical example:

Before loading, a transport management system calculates the optimal arrangement of packages in the cargo space based on automatically recorded dimensions and weights.

See also: Dimension capture, Freight measurement, Material flow, Master data capture, Transport management system (TMS), Transport optimization, Volume weight, Outbound goods

Load securing refers to all measures taken to prevent goods from shifting, tipping over, being damaged, or posing a hazard during transport. It ensures that cargo is moved safely and that legal requirements are met.

Load securing includes, for example, suitable packaging, lashing equipment, anti-slip mats, securing nets, or the proper arrangement of goods on a load carrier. In logistics, characteristics such as weight, dimensions, center of gravity, and the nature of the cargo play an important role. Digital measurement systems and valid cargo data support the planning of safe transports and help determine appropriate securing measures.

Practical example:

Before shipping a pallet, the weight, dimensions, and stability of the load unit are taken into account to select the appropriate securing method for transport.

See also: Cargo measurement, weight recording, load carrier, load unit, cargo, transport regulations, ULD (Unit Load Device), shipping

Login credentials are the pieces of information required to uniquely authenticate and log in a user to an IT system. They typically consist of a username or identifier and an authentication factor, such as a password or a digital certificate.

In logistics, login credentials enable secure access to systems such as warehouse management, transportation management, or DWS systems. They ensure that only authorized individuals or applications can access functions and data. Secure management of login credentials helps protect sensitive company and process data.

Practical example:

Before commissioning a DWS system, the operator logs in with their personal login credentials to record measurement data and use system functions.

See also: Authentication, User Management, Data Security, DWS, ERP System, Integration Interface, Warehouse Management System (WMS), Transportation Management System (TMS)

Logistics encompasses the planning, control, and execution of the flow of goods, information, and materials throughout the entire supply chain. It integrates processes such as procurement, transportation, warehousing, handling, and distribution.

In logistics, the flow of goods is organized, data is processed, and resources are used efficiently. Modern logistics processes utilize technologies such as automation, sensor technology, digital systems, and data analysis to make operations transparent and continuously improve them. Areas such as intralogistics, transportation management, and supply chain management enable the coordinated management of complex goods movements. High-performance logistics forms the foundation for reliable supply chains and efficient business processes.

Practical example:

A logistics center integrates receiving, measurement, storage, order picking, and shipping through automated processes and digital information flows.

See also: Automation, Digitalization, Intralogistics, Material Flow, Supply Chain Management (SCM), Supply Chain Visibility, Transport Management System (TMS), Goods Flow

Logistics automation refers to the use of automated systems and technologies to control, execute, and optimize logistics processes. It reduces manual tasks and increases efficiency, quality, and process reliability throughout the entire logistics chain.

Logistics automation includes, among other things, conveyor technology, automatic dimensioning systems, robotics, sensor technology, and AI-supported image processing. By integrating these technologies, material flows can be accelerated, error rates reduced, and process data captured in real time. Modern automation solutions enable flexible adaptation to increasing shipment volumes and form a central foundation for digital intralogistics.

Practical example:

In a distribution center, conveyor systems, DWS systems, and autonomous transport systems handle the automated transport, measurement, and sorting of thousands of shipments per hour.

See also: Automation technology, DWS, conveyor technology, Industry 4.0, intralogistics, AI-supported object recognition, material flow, robotics

LTL (Less Than Truckload) refers to the transport of partial loads, in which multiple shippers share the available cargo space of a truck. This method enables cost-effective shipping when the volume of freight is insufficient for a full truckload.

In LTL transport, shipments from different shippers are consolidated at transshipment centers and transported together. Accurate recording of weight, dimensions, and freight data is crucial for route planning, freight billing, and optimal vehicle utilization. LTL is particularly widespread in general cargo transport and helps to efficiently utilize transport capacity and reduce empty runs.

Practical example:

Several medium-sized shipments from different manufacturers are consolidated into a single truckload at a general cargo terminal and then delivered on a regional route.

See also: Freight data, freight volume, FTL (Full Truckload), CEP companies, load securing, logistics, general cargo, transport management system (TMS)